A Missing Link? An Exploratory Study of the Connections Between Non-Consensual Sex and Teenage Pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy has been a policy priority traversing health, education and crime agendas at national and local levels for a decade. In 1999 a twin track strategy for England and Wales was introduced that aimed to halve teenage conception rates among under 18s by 2010, whilst simultaneously reducing social exclusion among teenage parents (SEU, 1999).

Although the 1999 strategy identifies sexual abuse as a risk factor for teenage conception, this link is not evident in annual reports and evaluations of the strategy. Moreover, whether or not teenage pregnancies are a result of non-consensual sex has yet to be specifically addressed in the substantial UK evidence base on risk factors, conducive contexts, interventions and outcomes. That said, international research findings demonstrate connections between sexual abuse, coercion and intimate partner violence and teenage conception rates. The potential links are reiterated in the public consultation on the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy (DCSF, 2010) „2010 and Beyond‟ and the NHS Taskforce on Violence against Women and Children refers to teenage pregnancy as one of many impacts of abuse. This report presents findings from the first contemporary UK study to focus on this association.

Authors: Maddy Coy, Kerry Lee, Liz Kelly

Different systems, similar outcomes? Tracking attrition in reported rape cases in 11 European countries

Attrition, the process by which rape cases fall out of the justice system before reaching trial, has been highlighted as a critical issue in several English-speaking countries with common-law systems, and there is emerging research in some European countries. In virtually all countries where major studies have been published, the number of reported rape offences have increased over the last two decades, yet the number of prosecutions has failed to increase proportionately, resulting in a falling conviction rate.

This study, uniquely, sets out to research attrition both in the European context, which has not been widely addressed, and across countries with varying judicial systems and cultures.

In this, the first in-depth trans-European attrition study, original primary data have been collected in Austria, Belgium, England & Wales, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Portugal, Scotland and Sweden.

The Full Report Can be Accessed by the Link Below

Authors: Jo Lovett, Liz Kelly

Different systems, similar outcomes? Summary

 

Authors: Jo Lovett, Liz Kelly

Different systems, similar outcomes? Summary

Summary reports

Authors: Jo Lovett, Liz Kelly

Different systems, similar outcomes? Tracking attrition in reported rape cases in eleven European countries

Different systems, similar outcomes? Tracking attrition in reported rape cases in eleven European countries found that the majority of women reporting rape across Europe do not see justice done, and rising attrition rates make this more likely in 2009. This is the outcome of the continued influence of stereotypes of rape, rape victims and rapists at all stages of the legal process, and a failure to modernise investigation and prosecution practices. During April and May 2009 CWASU along with our European partners on the project held briefing meetings across Europe for key stakeholders and policy shapers, the summary reports for each meeting are available below, the full report will be published at the end of June.

Authors: Jo Lovett, Liz Kelly

‘If only we’d known’: an exploratory study of seven intimate partner homicides in Engleshire

During one year there were five cases of intimate partner femicide (IPF) in Engleshire two of which involved perpetrator suicide. This cluster of cases were unusual in that there had been no prior agency involvement and, it appeared, minimal previous violence. This report addresses the knowledge of informal network members about these cases, the current knowledge base on IPF among professionals, and the relevance of risk assessment and management models to the Engleshire cases. The key research question was to examine what families and wider informal networks knew about the couple's relationship during the period leading up to the victim's death, to enhance understanding of femicide and improve agency responses.

Authors: Linda Regan, Liz Kelly, Kerry Lee, Kerry Lee

Map of Gaps: The Postcode Lottery of Violence Against Women Support Services

Map of Gaps shows graphically for the first time the real postcode lottery in violence against women support services such as Rape Crisis Centres and domestic violence refuges. A third of local authorities across the UK do not have specialised services, leaving many women without the support they deserve.

Authors: Liz Kelly, Maddy Coy, Kerry Lee

Human Trafficking

Edited by Maggy Lee, Willan Publishing

Authors: Liz Kelly

Rape in the 21st Century; Old Behaviours, New Contexts and Emerging Powers

Funded by the ESRC, this project builds on an existing data set and seeks to explore the notion that the treatment of reported rape cases is influenced by stereotyoical notions of 'real rape' - committed by strangers, occurring in outdoor locations and involving weapons and injury - and that these function as a template from which all other types of reported cases are judged. The project investigates whether and how explicitly the 'real rape' template is central to constructions and/or understandings of rape in the criminal justice arena and whether and how this is linked to attrition.

Authors: Jo Lovett, Gordana Uzelac, Miranda Horvath, Liz Kelly

'It's just like going to the supermarket': Men buying sex in East London

This exploratory study extends the limited knowledge base on men who pay for sex. The research explores the decision-making processes of men who pay for sex in the borough of Tower Hamlets, an area of London that has a well-established and visible street soliciting area. The original target group were men arrested during kerb crawling operations. This was, however, supplemented by men recruited through other access routes. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed.

 

Authors: Maddy Coy, Miranda Horvath, Liz Kelly

From the Outset: Why Violence should be a priority for the Commission for Equality and Human Rights

This paper was commissioned by EVAW for the Equality Review, to argue that violence should be a cross-cutting them in the soon to be established Commission on Equality and Human Rights. The paper was updated and launched at an event hosted by the Equality and Diversity Forum, and has prompted considerable reflection and debate, including on the usefulness of the concept of 'hate crime'.

Available from

http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/publications.asp

Authors: Miranda Horvath, Liz Kelly

Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

Section 41: an evaluation of new legislation limiting sexual history evidence in rape trials

This report evaluates the impact of s.41 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (YJCEA) 1999, examining the extent to which the legal reform has achieved the intentions of parliament in limiting the circumstances in which sexual history evidence can be introduced in rape trials, and the impact of s.41 on attrition rates.

Some of the major findings included;

• whilst sexual history is brought up in the majority of cases,specific questioning tended to be brief and to the point, and was used to subtly 'sow seeds of doubt'.
• Crown court procedure rules laying out the procedures for applications were often ignored or avoided, and some legal and non-legal practitioners displayed a lack of knowledge or understanding of the new law.
• Sexual history material was raised in some cases involving minors with children being presented as sexually active rather than sexually vulnerable.
• The introduction of sexual history evidence was associated with a higher rate of acquittal in cases that went to trial.
• The possibility of sexual history evidence being used continues to be a factor influencing a victim's decision to report and/or withdraw their complaint.
• Failure to define the terms 'sexual behaviour' and 'sexual experience' has caused uncertainty as to the scope of section 41.
• Findings from case files, observation and interviews raise the possibility that both prosecution and defence share stereotypical assumptions about appropriate female behaviour - and that these continue to play a part when issues of credibility are addressed in rape cases.

Available to view as an online report RDS OLR 20/06 only from the Home Office website

See Project: The Workings of Section 41 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jennifer Temkin, Sue Griffiths

Violence against women: A briefing document on international issues and responses

An updated and revised version of the original British Council Briefing Document published in 1999. This revised document is an introduction to definitions, scale and impact of violence against women, relationship with development and exploration of responses.

Available from the British Council.Also available to download from the British Council website.

Please note, Jo Lovett should also be listed as an author of list document. The British Council are making amendments

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jo Lovett, Linda Regan

Inside Outsiders: Mainstreaming Violence Against Women into Human Rights Discourse and Practice

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

Campaigning to end violence against women

Published by Women's Aid Federation of England (WAFE)

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jo Lovett

"You Can Find Anything You Want": A Critical Reflection on Research on Trafficking in Persons within and into Europe

Special Issue of International Migration, Vol. 43 (1/2) 2005, p 235.

Also printed in Laczko, F. & Gozdziak, E. (eds.), Data and Research on Human Trafficking: A Global Survey, Geneva, IOM p. 235. Available to view at the IOM Website.

Authors: Liz Kelly

Promising Practices addressing sexual violence

Expert paper prepared by Prof. Liz Kelly for the UN Expert Group Meeting, "Violence against women: Good practices in
combating and eliminating violence against women",organized by the UN Division for the Advancement of Women
in collaboration with the UN Office on Drugs and Crime 17 to 20 May 2005 Vienna, Austria.

 

The full Expert Group report and papers by other Experts can be viewed at the UN Division for the Advancement of Women website.

Authors: Liz Kelly

Family Violence and Police Response

Wilma Smeenk and Marijke Malsch (eds.), Ashgate (publishers)

Authors: Liz Kelly

Fertile Fields: Trafficking in Persons in Central Asia

This report is the result of a survey conducted for the International Organistion on Migration (IOM). The survey collected data on trafficking to and from the five Central Asian Republics: Kazakhstan, Krygyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

The report explores;

• Definitions of trafficking, in particular UN definitions;
• The extent and organisation of trafficking in Central Asia
• Estimating the scale of trafficking in the region;
• The links between labour migration and trafficking in persons;
• Responses to trafficking;
• Social, economic and political contexts in which trafficking occurs;
• Recommendations on counter-trafficking activities.

 

Available to view at the IOM website.

See Project: Survey of Trafficking in Persons in Central Asia

Authors: Liz Kelly

What a Waste: The Case for an Integrated Violence Against Women Strategy

Commissioned by the Women's National Commission (WNC), this puts forward an argument for an integrated, long-term government-led strategy for addressing violence against women and girls. Analysis was undertaken of the most recent targets and initiatives of all government departments in order to assess the extent to which gender equality and violence against women are mainstreamed.

The document includes information on:

• The prevalence of violence against women;
• The connections between different forms of violence and abuse;
• The costs of violence;
• The impacts of violence on women and girls;
  -Violence against women as an issue of human rights and equality;
• The current government approach to violence against women;
• Examples of strategic approaches

The final section outlines the basic elements such a strategy should encompass, including core aims and approaches, as well as identifying some of the key benefits to government and potential stakeholders.
On 28th February 2005 WNC, supported by Amnesty International UK, launched What a Waste at Portcullis House. A range of speakers for the voluntary and statutory sectors supported the call for a strategy and Harriet Harman, the Solicitor General, responded on behalf of the government. As a direct result Liz Kelly was invited to debate the issues on Women's Hour with Baroness Scotland, the Minister who carries the brief on both domestic violence and rape and sexual assault. The underlying research is underpinning ongoing work by the WNC to inform an audit of departmental responses year on year.

Available to view at the WNC website.

See Project: Violence Against Women Strategy

See Campaigns: End Violence Against Women Coalition

See Report: Making the Grade? An Independent analysis of Government initiatives on violence against women

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jo Lovett

A gap or a chasm? Attrition in reported rape cases

This report documents the largest and most up to date study of attrition in reporting rape in the UK.

The study involved prospective tracking of 3,500 rape cases through the criminal justice system, supplemented by data from 228 complainants and 120 professionals.

The results show an ongoing decline in the conviction rate for reported rape cases, with Home Office figures reaching an all-time low of 5.6 per cent in 2002.

Three-quarters of the sample reported to the police. However, 80% of these cases did not proceed beyond the police stage due to a combination of no criming, evidential issues and victims withdrawing their support from the criminal justice process. Only a minority of cases reached the trial stage, and here an acquittal was the more likely outcome, especially with respect to adults. Alcohol was implicated in a high proportion of cases but drugs were involved in relatively few.

The extremely low conviction rate suggests there is a chasm between complainants' expectations of the criminal justice process and what it actually delivers. However, in identifying six attrition pints, and the issues associated with them, this study finds that attrition can be conceived of as a series of smaller gaps, each of which could be addressed through targeted interventions.

Available to view at the Home Office website.

See Project: Understanding of Attrition, Decreasing Early Withdrawals and Developing Best Practice for Reporting Rape

 

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jo Lovett, Linda Regan

Sexual Assault Referral Centres: developing good practice and maximising potentials

Home Office Research Study 285.

Extract from Foreword;
'This report is one of a series of reports, which specifically reports on the findings from the evaluation of a number of projects, which were funded to support victims in the aftermath of rape. This specific report focuses on the contribution of Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs), and provides a valuable insight into the type of services that are needed to support victims in the aftermath of a traumatic crime such as rape. The findings are timely as many years after the original SARC in Manchester was established, a number of new SARCs have recently been established and several more are in the development stage'.

Available to view at the Home Office website.

See Project: Evaluation of the Crime Reduction Programme Violence Against Women Rape Projects, and a Linked National Evaluation of Sexual Assault Referral Centres

Authors: Jo Lovett, Linda Regan, Liz Kelly

CEDAW Thematic Shadow Report: Violence Against Women in the UK

The Committee on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women is a United Nations Treaty Body, whose task is to oversea the implementation of the international Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). This Committee considers reports made by governments, and when these are submitted NGOs are entitled to submit their own 'shadow' reports.

This report focuses on violence against women only, and was submitted in 2004 alongside the shadow report of the Women's National Commission, which addressed the full range of CEDAW text. As various UN documents and policies have made clear, violence against wome is an issue of gender discrimination, representing a barrier to the achievement of gender equality.

Overrall, while the authors of the report welcomed the increased government attention to the issue of violence against women, they argue that limited financial investment and lack of strategic infrastructure and oversight means the UK is still not in compliance with the responsibilities of States, outlined in the Beijing Platform for Action.

Available to view at the Womankind Worldwide website.

Authors: P Sen, Catherine Humphreys, Liz Kelly

The perils of inclusion and exclusion: International debates on the status of trafficked women as victims

Authors: Liz Kelly

Forensic Nursing: an option for improving responses to reported rape and sexual assault

Home Office Development and Practice Report 31.

The aim of this document is to provide concise guidance for a range professionals who have a role in commissioning,
organising or directly providing forensic examinations for those who have reported a rape or sexual assault. The
report, which is based upon research findings, concludes that forensic nursing can provide a cost-effective option to:
address delays in the provision of forensic examinations; increase the availability of female forensic examiners; and
also has potential to enhance professional standards.

Available from: the Home Office. Email:publications.rds@homeoffice.gsi.gov.uk

Also available to view at the Home Office website.

See Project: Forensic Nurse pilot at the St Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jo Lovett, Linda Regan

Worth Less Or Worth More? An Evaluation of The Maze Marigold Project

This report brings together the findings of an evaluation of The Maze Marigold Project, which works with girls and young women involved in prostitution in Spitalfields. The evaluation, which was undertaken as a co-operative venture between The Maze and CWASU, assesses the progress and performance of the Project against its stated values, aims and objectives, and makes recommendations for the future development of its work. It is based on secondary data analysis, participant observation, and interviews with service users, project volunteers, project workers and also inter-agency partners.

See Project: Evaluation of The Maze Marigold Project

Authors: Liz Kelly, Rachel Wingfield, Val Balding

Rape: Still a Forgotten Issue

This paper is one element of a much larger project seeking to develop and strengthen links between European women's NGOs working on rape. It builds on the previous Daphne Project Rape the Forgotten Issue (Kelly and Regan, 2001 - see below also). This report presents updated attrition data across a number of European countries, and shows how the rates of conviction for rape continue to fall to a contemporary all-time low in much of the EU and beyond.

Also available to view at the Rape Crisis Network Europe website.

The Attrition Charts appended to the report are available separately from the link below.

See Project: Rape: Strengthening the Linkages - Consolidating the European Network Project

Authors: Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

The wrong debate: reflections on why force is not the key issue with respect to trafficking in women for sexual exploitation

Edition: Exile and Asylum - Women Seeking Refuge in 'Fortress Europe'

Authors: Liz Kelly

Good Practice in Medical Responses to Recently Reported Rape, Especially Forensic Examinations : A Briefing Paper for the Daphne Strengthening the Linkages Project

This short review explores current good practice in medical and forensic responses, both at practice and organisational levels. The first part discusses what is currently known about forensic evidence and forensic practice; the second explores a number of models for service delivery.

Also available in French as: Guide de Bonne Pratique Concernant les Réponses Médicales à Adopter Face aux Cas de Viol Récemment Déclarés, Surtout lors de la Conduite d'Examens Médico-Légaux.

View the report at the Rape Crisis Network Europe website.

See Project: Rape: Strengthening the Linkages - Consolidating the European Network Project

Authors: Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Achievements Against the Grain: Self-Defence Training for Women and Girls in Europe

This report is based on a one-year Daphne funded study undertaken to analyse the development of women's self-defence (WSD), provide an overview of the current levels of provision, and explore the cultural and structural barriers that frame WSD across Europe.

See Project: Anti-Violence (Self-Defence) Training: a key aspect of prevention and self help for women and girls

Authors: Corinna Seith, Liz Kelly

'Stop Hitting Mum!' Children Talk about domestic violence

This is a touching book which demonstrates how children suffer. The authors interviewed 54 children who had lived with domestic violence, and this book quotes what these children had to say about how they feel.

Available from: Young Voices.

www.young-voice.org

Authors: Sheila Burton, Gill Hague, Umme F Imam, Liz Kelly, Ellen Malos, Audrey Mullender, Linda Regan

A Critical Examination of Responses to Prostitution in Four Countries: Victoria-Australia, Ireland, The Netherlands, Sweden

This review was commissioned by the Routes Out Partnership Board. Responses to prostitution in four countries is explored, and the following issues are addressed;

• The current approach to prostitution
• The previous approach
• The impetus/rationale for change from the previous position
• The long and short term aims of the approach
• The understanding in relation to the cause and effects of prostitution and to what extent this has influenced the approach
• The implementation of the approach and any issues that arose from this
• To describe the impact and implications for women involved in prostitution, police and health services
• To describe and analyse legal changes and highlight the impact on women involved in prostitution and the men who use them
• To draw out any implications of these legal changes for the Routes Out SIP

Available to view at the Glasgow City Council website.

See Project: Critical Examination of Responses to Prostitution in Four Countries

Authors: Julie Bindel, Liz Kelly

The Wrong Debate: Reflections on why Force is not the Key Issue with respect to Trafficking Women for Sexual Exploitation

This short piece is a contribution to the debates within feminism and beyond about trafficking in women. Liz Kelly argues that most definitions of trafficking are wider than 'force' and that focusing on 'force' alone plays into the hands of traffickers and exploiters.

Printed in Feminist Review: Exile and Asylum - Women Seeking Refuge in 'Fortress Europe', 2003 (73); 139-144.

Authors: Liz Kelly

Journeys of Jeopardy: A Review of Research on Trafficking in Women and Children in Europe

The aims of this review are not merely to summarise what we know today about the trafficking of women and children for sexual exploitation, but also to organise the material into key themes; critically assess the knowledge base and identify gaps and future challenges. Focusing on trafficking from, into and through the European sex industries, its preparation involved detailed literature searches.

This report recieved the United Nations 'Notable Government Documents Award'.

Available to view on the IOM website.

See Project: Review of Research on Trafficking in Women and Children in Europe

Authors: Liz Kelly

Teenage Tolerance: Exploring Young People's Experience and Responses to Violence and Abuse

CWASU undertook the research design, analysis and production of this report for Dublin Women's Aid. It examines young peoples' views on personal safety and danger; their encounters with interpersonal violence, committed both against themselves and against others known to them; their definitions of rape, sexual harassment and violence; safe and unsafe sex; the meaning of consent; contact with and attitudes to pornography, and young people's support needs.

See Project: Young people's attitudes to violence against women

Authors: Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

A Research Review on the Reporting, Investigation and Prosecution of Rape Cases

This research review was commissioned by HMCPSI to inform their Thematic Review into the Investigation and Prosecution of Cases Involving Allegations of Rape. It incorporates a review of the literature on the reporting, investigation and prosecution of rape cases, and whilst focusing on UK research, it also draws on a range of related international studies.

Available to view at the HMPSI website.

See Project: Research Review on the Reporting, Investigation and Prosecution of Rape Cases

Authors: Liz Kelly

Rape: The Forgotten Issue? A European Research and Networking Project

This publication arose from a collaboration between three UK groups (CWASU, South Essex Rape and Incest Crisis Centre and Campaign to End Rape), supported by partners from Ireland (The Network of Rape Crisis Centres, Ireland) and Finland (Rape Crisis Centre, Tukinainen). One of the roles of CWASU in this partnership was to conduct research and produce this report on the criminal justice response to rape across Europe, which includes recommendations with regard to the need for, and potential roles of a European Network on rape and sexual assault.

See Project: Rape: The Forgotten Issue? A European Research and Networking Project

Authors: Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Explaining lesbian domestic violence

Authors: Liz Kelly

Children's Perspectives on Domestic Violence

The research methodology and the problems encountered when studying a subject such as domestic violence, coupled with the ethical problems of researching with children, are discussed at length in the book. This gives a good insight into the intricacies of conducting such a research study. The research looked not only at children who were known to have direct contact with domestic violence, but also what children in general thought and felt about domestic violence.

Drawing on the newest research designed to hear the voices of children and young people, this important book examines children's experiences and perspectives on living with domestic violence. The authors explore:

- the effect of domestic violence on children

- what children say would help them most in coping with domestic violence

- the advice children would offer other children who find themselves in similar circumstances, their mothers and the helping professions.

Available from: Sage Publications, London

Authors: Gill Hague, Umme F Imam, Liz Kelly, Ellen Malos, Audrey Mullender, Linda Regan

From rhetoric to curiosity: urgent questions from the UK about responses to trafficking in women

Authors: Liz Kelly

Recommendationd of t he E.U: Expert Meeting on Violence Against Women

Laura Keeler (Ed.), (2001), Finland Ministry of Social Affairs and Health Report 2000:13, pp 78-84.

Expert Meeting held 8-10 November 1999, Jyväskylä, Finland.

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

From Aspirations to Intervention: Trends, Issues, Priorities and Lessons Learned

In this paper Liz Kelly notes some of the emerging trends in protecting children against sexual exploitation in Europe, focusing in particular on some of the more contentious and difficult challenges to our thinking on this issue. The paper outlines the most appropriate ways to protect children from exploitation of this kind, and highlights the vital connections between this problem and those of child sexual assault and violence against women more broadly.

Presented at: the COE Conference Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation (European Preparatory Conference for Yokohama), Budapest, November 2001, as the Keynote.

Authors: Liz Kelly

What Works in Reducing Domestic Violence? A Comprehensive Guide for Professionals

Julie Taylor-Brown (ed.), 2001, Whiting and Birch Ltd.

Authors: Catherine Humphreys, Liz Kelly

World Trade Organisation

Authors: Liz Kelly

Children's Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice

Helen L. Westcott, Graham M. Davies and Ray H.C. Bull (eds.), John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Authors: Liz Kelly

Guest editors' introduction

Available from: Sage Publications

Authors: Liz Kelly, Renée Römkens , Betsy Stanko

From Marginal to Globalised Issue: Three Decades of Research and Activism on Violence Against Women

This is the text of Liz Kelly's 'Inaugural Professorial Lecture', given at the (then) University of North London on July 4th 2001. It comprises a personal reflection on a history of visionary activism and engaged social research - three decades representing her feminist biography and the latter two her career in research. The lecture is in four parts, including: a brief overview of the three decades and the links with globalisation; how the work of CWASU is located within this; some shifts in her own thinking over the three decades, and the challenges for the future.

Presented at: Professor Liz Kelly's Inaugural Professorial Lecture, University of North London, July 2001.

Authors: Liz Kelly

Challenging Violence Against Women: The Canadian Experience

This report is based on an investigative study of policy responses to violence against women in Canada, a country that was at the forefront of policy development in this field during the 1990s. It showcases this innovative work for a UK audience of policy makers, professionals, academics and activists. A comparative analysis of current policy and practice in the UK and Canada is provided.

See Project: Investigative study of policy responses to violence against women in Canada

Authors: Gill Hague, Liz Kelly, Audrey Mullender

Tavoitteena Uhrin Turvallisuus

Marie Rautava and Sirkka Perttu (eds.), Stakes (publisher)

Authors: Liz Kelly

World Trade Organisation

The new buzzword in economic and social analysis is globalisation, but few commentators have bothered to address it in relation to the sex industry. Here Liz Kelly looks at the ways trafficking in women has become a global issue, and at what we know about it in relation to the UK.

 

Printed in: Trouble and Strife, 2001(42); 13-20.

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

Rhetorics and Realities: Sexual Exploitation of Children in Europe

This report is based on a research proposal developed in partnership by CWASU (lead partner), Dublin Women's Aid, Ireland and ROKS, Sweden. The trans-European Project collected detailed data from justice departments, state agencies and NGOs concerning a broad range of issues related to the sexual exploitation of children.

See Project: Sexual exploitation of children in the context of children's rights and child protection - A European perspective

Authors: Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Complexities and contradictions: living with domestic violence and the UN Convention on Children's Rights

Authors: Liz Kelly, Audrey Mullender

Home Truths About Domestic Violence: Feminist Influences on Policy and Practice - A Reader

Jalna Hanmer and Catherine Itzin (eds.), Routledge

Authors: Thangam Debbonaire, Gill Hague, Liz Kelly, Ellen Malos, Audrey Mullender

Home Truths About Child Sexual Abuse: Influencing Policy and Practice - A Reader

Catherine Itzin (ed.), Routledge

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Child Sexual Assault: Feminist Perspectives

Pat Cox, Sheila Kershaw and Joy Trotter (eds.), Palgrave

Authors: Liz Kelly

Essays on Issues in Applied Developmental Psychology and Child Psychiatry

Amer A. Hosin (ed.), The Edwin Mellen Press

Authors: Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Capacity building programme for the police to combat violence against women

In Police and Human Rights - Beyond 2000: Report of the Final Working Conference organised under the Programme 'Police and Human Rights 1997-2000' and the Launch Conference of the Programme 'Police and Human Rights - Beyond 2000', (2000) The Council of Europe.

Authors: Liz Kelly

A war of attrition: recent research on rape

Authors: Liz Kelly

States of Conflict: Gender, Violence and Resistance

Susie Jacobs, Ruth Jacobson and Jen Marchbank (eds.), Zed Books

Authors: Liz Kelly

Women, Violence and Strategies for Action: Feminist Research, Policy and Practice

Jill Radford, Melissa Friedberg and Lynne Harne (eds.), Open University Press

Authors: Catherine Humphreys, Liz Kelly

Stopping Traffic: Exploring the Extent of, and Responses to, Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation in the UK

This report presents the findings of research carried out to assess the nature and extent of trafficking in women for the purposes of sexual exploitation and the law enforcement responses in the UK. This study is primarily based on a survey of police forces, placing this within the wider context of national and international law and policy. It estimates the number of women trafficked into conditions of sexual slavery, explores the ways in which they are trafficked and the responses of all relevant agencies, especially law enforcement agencies, in tackling and preventing such trafficking.

Available to view at the Home Office website.

See Project: Trafficking in Women - the UK context

Authors: Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Violence Against Women: The UK Context

Governance Information Pack China, (2000) (for The British Council).

Authors: Liz Kelly

The VIP Guide: Vision, Innovation and Professionalism in Policing Violence Against Women and Children

The title of this document refers to three aspects of police work that can transform responses to violence against women: Vision, Innovation and Professionalism. The VIP Guide is an awareness-raising tool; it is designed for self-directed study and personal development by individual police officers and also has a second subsidiary role as a resource for police trainers. It is unique in the range of forms of violence it addresses, and in its focus on Europe.

Available from: The Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit Free, £1.50 p&p

View the Guide at the Council of Europe website.

The VIP Guide has also been translated into Russian and this version is available directly from the Council of Europe Police and Human Rights Programme, email: police.humanrights@coe.int

The VIP Guide has also recently been translated into Spanish by the British Council, available from the British Council Chile.

See Project: Manual for European police forces on policing violence against women

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

A War Of Attrition: Recent Research on Rape

After many years of feminist activism and a large increase in the numbers of women reporting rape, why are rape myths so tenacious? Liz Kelly reviews current research on rape and sexual assault which shows how men continue to get away with rape.

 

Printed in: Trouble and Strife, 2000 (40); 9-16.

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

The idea of patriarchy: a review essay

Authors: Liz Kelly

New Agendas for Women

Sylvia Walby, (ed.), Macmillan

Authors: Liz Kelly

The Multi-Agency Approach to Domestic Violence: New Opportunities, Old Challenges?

Nicola Harwin, Gill Hague and Ellen Malos (eds.), Whiting and Birch Ltd.

Authors: Liz Kelly

Violence Against Women: A Briefing Document on International Issues and Responses

An introduction to the issue of violence against women, this document summarises the international context; definitions and key concepts; the scale of violence against women internationally; the impact of violence on women's lives; the connections to development, and five stages of response.

Available from: The Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit Free, £1.00 p&p

Also from: The British Council: www.britishcouncil.org

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

Domestic Violence Matters: An Evaluation of a Development Project

This report documents the multi-methodological evaluation of 'Domestic Violence Matters' (DVM), an adaptation of a Canadian project - the Family Consultancy Service (London, Ontario) - which involves locating a team of skilled civilian support workers within the police service to follow up police responses to domestic violence.

Available to view at the Home Office website.

See Project: Evaluation of Domestic Violence Matters (A Development Project)

Authors: Liz Kelly, Julie Bindel, Sheila Burton, Dianne Butterworth, Kate Cook, Linda Regan

Feminisms on Edge: Politics, Discourses and National Identities

.Oerton (ed.), Cardiff Academic Press

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jill Radford, Joan Scanlon

Children's Needs, Coping Strategies and Understanding of Woman Abuse

This multi-methodological study sought to discover how both children and young people understand domestic violence and how those who have lived with it cope with, and make sense, of their experiences. The primary themes of this research were children's general understandings and perception of domestic violence; including whether they see it as affecting children, who they see as responsible for it and what they think should be done. The study explores what the general population of children know about domestic violence, as well as the specific experiences of children who have lived in situations where their mothers have been abused.

This report was submitted to the Economic Social and Research Council. This research also formed the basis of the Book: Children's Perspectives on Domestic Violence (2002), available from Sage publications.

See Project: Children's Needs, Coping Strategies and Understanding of Woman Abuse

Authors: Gill Hague, Umme F Imam, Liz Kelly, Ellen Malos, Audrey Mullender

Working with children in women's refuges

Authors: Liz Kelly, Audrey Mullender

Legacies of Abuse - "It's More Complicated Than That": A Qualitative Study of the Meaning and Impacts of Sexual Abuse in Childhood

The primary objective of this study was to explore the ways in which the gender and age of victim and abuser affected the meanings and impacts of sexual abuse in childhood in a non-clinical sample of women and men. The study includes a review of the literature on the influence of the gender and age of both the victim and the abuser on the experience of sexual abuse in childhood; a secondary analysis of ESRC prevalence study data in order to highlight the differences with regard to age and gender and in-depth interviews with adults whose experiences differ in relation to gender and age.

See Project: A Qualitative Study of the Meaning and Impacts of Sexual Abuse in Childhood

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Confronting an atrocity: the Dutroux case

Authors: Liz Kelly

Rethinking Violence Against Women

Rebecca Emerson Dobash and Russell Dobash (eds.), Sage

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jill Radford

Supporting Women and Challenging Men: Lessons from the Domestic Violence Intervention Project

This is the report of a CWASU evaluation of the Domestic Violence Intervention Project (DVIP) based in West London. Both arms of DVIP, the Violence Prevention Programme (VPP) which works with violent men and the Women's Support Service (WSS) were evaluated. This is a process (rather than strictly an outcome) evaluation which explores a wide range of policy and practice issues. The report provides information on the structure, content and process of work within DVIP, exploring how both VPP and WSS work; what they do; and the tensions and dilemmas that arise in the course of this kind of work. The report also contains an examination of what the project has learnt and how it has changed over the course of the two-year study; where work with violent men is located in relation to current policy and multi-agency responses, and what pro-active approaches to work with women have to offer.

A summary is available to view at the Joseph Rowntree Foundation website.

See Project: Evaluation of the Domestic Violence Intervention Project

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Making connections - building bridges: research into action - ten years of the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Young People's Attitudes Towards Violence, Sex and Relationships: A Survey and Focus Group Study

This study investigated young people's attitudes towards violence, sex and relationships drawing upon a large-scale survey and in-depth focus groups. The study findings highlight the extent to which young people tolerate violence against women and documents widespread acceptance of forced sex and physical violence among young women, and to a greater extent, among young men.

See Project: Young People's Attitudes Towards Violence, Sex and Relationships: A Survey and Focus Group Study

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Jenny Kitzinger, Linda Regan

Between context and continents: feminist activism in South Asia

Authors: Liz Kelly

Confronting An Atrocity: The Dutroux Case

Marc Dutroux kidnapped and sexually abused a number of young Belgian women. When the case came to light in the summer of 1996 it prompted outrage and raised serious questions about both the investigation and how societies should respond to sex offenders. In exploring this case and its implications Liz Kelly highlights the need for remembering, making connections and developing coherent approaches to child sexual abuse.

 

Printed in: Trouble and Strife, 1998 (36); 16-22.

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

Struggling with contradictions: young women, heterosexuality and sexual violence

Authors: Liz Kelly

The abduction of credibility: A reply to John Paley

Authors: Kate Cook, Liz Kelly

Final Report of Activities of the EG-S-VL (Group of Specialists for Combating Violence Against Women): The COE Plan of Action for Combating Violence Against Women

This Group of Specialists for combating violence against women was established to develop this Plan of Action under the auspices of the Council of Europe's Steering Committee for Equality between Women and Men. Their work comprised a series of two-day meetings, the commissioning of a European
comparative legal study and a survey of relevant government agencies, NGOs, women's organisations and other groups responding to violence against women. Liz Kelly of CWASU undertook most of the work for the final drafting of the Plan of Action. Part 1 deals with the overall context, including definitions, the scale of the problem of violence against women and current barriers to change. Part 2 comprises the Plan of Action.

Available from: The Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit Free, £1.00 p&p

Also from: Division Equality between Women and Men, Directorate General of Human Rights - DG II, Council of Europe, F - 67075 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
www.humanrights.coe.int/equality/

See Project: Council of Europe Plan of Action for the group of specialists (EG-S-VL) on violence against women

Authors: Liz Kelly

Making Connections - Building Bridges: Research into Action - Ten Years of the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit

This paper is an overview of the work and perspective of CWASU between 1987 and 1997. It has involved much summarising and selection, and inevitably means some areas have been neglected, others emphasised. Rather than offer a bland outline of the work that has been undertaken, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan and Sheila Burton have chosen to use this opportunity to reflect on and analyse the contribution of CWASU to feminist approaches violence against women and children.

 

Presented at: The Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit Tenth Anniversary Event, University of North London, 1997.

 

Also published in The British Journal of Social Work, 1998 (28); 601-613.

 

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Women, Violence and Male Power: Feminist Research, Activism and Practice

Marianne Hester, Liz Kelly and Jill Radford (eds.), Open University Press

Authors: Marianne Hester, Liz Kelly, Jill Radford

The front and the back door - recent changes in legal responses to domestic violence

Authors: Liz Kelly

When woman protection is the best kind of child protection: children, domestic violence and child abuse

Authors: Liz Kelly

Sexualising the Social: Power and the Organisation of Sexuality

Lisa Adkins and Vicki Merchant (eds.), Macmillan

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Future Interventions with Battered Women and their Families

Jeff Edleson and Zvi Eisikovits (eds.), Sage Books

Authors: Liz Kelly

Children, Domestic Violence and Refuges: A Study of Needs and Responses

This report describes a research study that investigated work with children in refuges for women and children experiencing domestic violence. The study also explores the effects on children of experiencing and witnessing such violence. A multi-methodological approach was adopted involving archive research, a literature review, a detailed telephone survey of all refuge groups and nine in-depth refuge case studies.

See Project: Review of the position of and provision for children in English refuges

Authors: Thangam Debbonaire, Gill Hague, Liz Kelly, Ellen Malos, Audrey Mullender

Women, Violence and Male Power: Feminist Research, Activism and Practice

Marianne Hester, Liz Kelly and Jill Radford (eds.), Open University Press

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jill Radford

Weasel words: paedophilia and the cycle of abuse

Authors: Liz Kelly

Women, Violence and Male Power: Feminist Research, Activism and Practice

Marianne Hester, Liz Kelly and Jill Radford (eds.), Open University Press

Authors: Liz Kelly

Women, Violence and Male Power: Feminist Research, Activism and Practice

Making public the issue of sexual violence - men's violence to women and children - has been a major feminist success story of the past couple of decades. This book gives an important insight into the new issues and questions that have become central to our understanding of sexual violence and abuse, and the new directions in which research in this area has developed. It is a collection of the many exciting ideas, discussions and developments arising from the work of the researchers and activists who are part of the British Sociological Association Violence Against Women Study Group. It reflects a shared commitment to research that centres on the material reality of women's lives and assists the generation of strategies for change. The authors explore differences in women's experiences and how these relate to different ways of coping with men's violence.

Available from: Open University Press

Authors: Marianne Hester, Liz Kelly, Jill Radford

Weasel Words: Paedophiles and the Cycle of Abuse

In making child sexual abuse a political issue, feminists focused attention on male power, challenging the idea that abusers were abnormal, sick individuals. Recently, however, the term 'paedophilia' has been creeping back even into feminist discussions. Here Liz Kelly warns of the consequences.

 

Printed in: Trouble and Strife, 1996 (33); 44-49.

(Reprinted in Action Against Child Sexual Abuse and the NOTA Newsletter 1997).

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

Stuck in the middle - a plea for feminist praxis

Authors: Liz Kelly

Syndromes and disorders: the dangers of medicalising the impacts of sexual violence in legal cases

 

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Splintered Lives: Sexual Exploitation of Children in the Context of Children's Rights and Child Protection

This document arose out of the work of the European Forum for Child Welfare, drawing on papers and discussions from two European conferences on Child Pornography and Sexual Exploitation held in London and Brussels in 1995. The report summarises what is currently known about the sexual exploitation of children; documents responses to sexual exploitation in terms of legislation, policy and practice; explores the interconnectedness of pornography, prostitution and trafficking; examines the routes in and out of, and the impacts of, sexual exploitation; highlights gaps in knowledge and in the policy framework; places all of the above in a children's rights and child protection context, and focuses on Britain, whilst also taking account of both the European and global contexts.

See Project: What is known about child sexual exploitation in the UK

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan, Rachel Wingfield

No Right Way

Tracie Orr, Scarlet Press

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

(Hetero)Sexuality

Mary Maynard and June Purvis (eds.), Taylor and Francis

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jill Radford

Feminist Activism in the 1990s

Gabrielle Griffin (ed.), Taylor and Francis

Authors: Julie Bindel, Kate Cook, Liz Kelly

Children Living with Domestic Violence: Putting Men's Abuse of Women on the Childcare Agenda

Audrey Mullender and Rebecca Morley (eds.), Whiting and Birch

Authors: Liz Kelly

Wars on women: sexual violence and war

Authors: Liz Kelly, Hilary McCollum, Jill Radford

Researching Women's Lives from a Feminist Perspective

Mary Maynard and June Purvis (eds.), Taylor and Francis.

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Organised abuse: a review of the literature

Authors: Liz Kelly, Sara Scott

Surviving Childhood Adversity: Issues for Policy and Practice

Harry Ferguson, Robbie Gilligan and Ruth Torode (eds.), Dublin, Social Studies Press

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

The Links Between Domestic Violence and Child Abuse: Developing Services

Hackney Council Women's Unit

Authors: Liz Kelly

Discourses on damage

Authors: Liz Kelly

'Multiple needs/multiple oppression'. In ABCD: Abuse and Children who are Disabled - A Training and Resource Pack, Department of Health, London.

Available from: The Department of Health

Department of Health
PO Box 777
London SE1 6XH
Telephone: 08701 555455
Fax: 01623 724524

E-mail: doh@prolog.uk.com

www.dh.gov.uk

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

Abuse of Women and Children: A Feminist Response

The papers in this monograph explore three related areas: Organised child sexual abuse, domestic violence and joint working between agencies dealing with child abuse. They represent the thinking of the London Metropolitan University's Child and Women Abuse Studies Unit (formerly the Child Abuse Studies Unit). The Unit's work approaches the complex and multivalent issue of abuse from a feminist perspective, which believes that gender is a critical factor in explaining the prevalence of abusive relationships.

Available from: the Child and Women Abuse Studies Unit £5.00 plus £1.00 p&p

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Pornography, Women, Violence and Civil Liberties: A Radical New View

Catherine Itzin (ed.), Oxford University Press

Authors: Liz Kelly

Voicing Concerns: Sociological Knowledge and Education Policy

Madeleine Arnot and Len Hutton (eds.), Triangle Books

Authors: Liz Kelly

Working Out: New Directions for Women's Studies

Hilary Hinds, Ann Phoenix and Jackie Stacey (eds.), Falmer Press

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Beyond Containment: The Penal Response to Sex Offending

Prison Reform Trust

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

'The connections between child abuse and disability: a review of the research evidence

Authors: Liz Kelly

Outrageous injustice

Authors: Liz Kelly

'And What Happened To Him?': Policy on Sex Offenders from the Survivor's Perspective

Published within 'Beyond Containment: The Penal Response To Sex Offending', London, Prison Reform Trust.

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Unspeakable acts: abuse by and between women

Authors: Liz Kelly

Challenging Domestic Violence: A Training and Resource Pack

This Training and Resource Pack is aimed at anyone wanting to address domestic violence in their work or community setting. It is based on the Multi-Disciplinary Training for Trainers course conducted by the authors in 1989. The Pack is designed to provide simple ideas for organising and conducting training around domestic violence. It provides information, discussions and a set of structured exercises to explore what domestic violence is, its impact on women and children, and some of the stereotypes about violence in the home. The Pack provides the fundamentals to domestic violence training - these can be used to develop other exercises that are more directly related to the needs and work of a particular community.

Available from: The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham Community Safety Unit

Authors: Liz Kelly, Andrea TaraChand

Demons, devils and denial: towards a feminist understanding of ritual/satanic abuse

Authors: Liz Kelly, Sara Scott

Change the law: options for reform of the law on murder and manslaughter

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jill Radford

An Exploratory Study of the Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in a Sample of 16-21 Year Olds

This report focuses primarily on the overall prevalence of sexual abuse among a representative sample of young people, the forms of abuse they have experienced, the ages at which they occurred and the relationship between victim and abuser. A detailed questionnaire was completed by 1,244 students aged 16-21 attending seven Further Education Colleges in England, Scotland and Wales.

Short summary of findings;

One in two girls and one in four boys will experience some form of sexual abuse before their eighteenth birthday. In this survey of 1,244 young people aged between 16 and 21, 59% of young women and 27% of young men reported at least one sexually intrusive experience before they were 18. Sexual abuse, here, is defined broadly including 'flashing', being touched, being pressured to have sex and attempted and actual assaults/rapes. Abuse was committed by both adults and peers. Almost a third of these incidents occurred before the age of 12.

See Project: Exploratory Study of the Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse

Authors: Sheila Burton, Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

Feminist Perspectives in Criminology

Lorraine Gelsthorpe and Alison Morris (eds.), Open University Press

Authors: Liz Kelly

"Nothing really happened": the invalidation of women's experiences of sexual violence

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jill Radford

Abuse in the making: the connections between pornography and sexual violence

Authors: Liz Kelly

Taking the long view: a review of "Passionate Politics"

Authors: Liz Kelly, Sara Scott

Flawed protection

Authors: Liz Kelly, Linda Regan

With our own hands: abuse between women

Authors: Liz Kelly, Sara Scott

Learning Our Lines: Sexuality and Education

Carol Jones and Pat Mahoney (eds.), Women's Press

Authors: Liz Kelly

"What Support?" An Exploratory Study of Council Policy and Practice and Local Support Services in the Area of Domestic Violence within Hammersmith and Fulham

This is the report of an eight-month study of the services available to women who experience domestic violence in the Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. By way of a literature review, and questionnaires and interviews completed by workers in both the statutory and voluntary sectors and women who have experienced domestic violence themselves, this research sought to uncover the current policy and practice of agencies dealing with the issue of domestic violence both in the statutory and voluntary sector - including their service provision, recognition, perceptions, skills, referral practices and training needs; chart the inter-relationships between these statutory and voluntary agencies; investigate the help-seeking strategies of women who are experiencing/have experienced domestic violence, and make recommendations for improved service delivery in this area in the future.

See Project: Exploratory Study of Council Policy and Practice and Local Support Services in the Area of Domestic Violence within Hammersmith and Fulham

Authors: Libby Cooper, Liz Kelly, Alison McGibbon

From politics to pathology: the medicalisation of the impact of rape and child sexual abuse

Authors: Liz Kelly

Bitter ironies: international struggles around child sexual abuse

Authors: Liz Kelly

The medicalisation of rape

Authors: Liz Kelly

Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse

Michelle Bograd and Kersti Yllo (eds.), Sage

Authors: Liz Kelly

Feminism and Censorship

Gail Chester and Julienne Dickey (eds.), Prism Books

Authors: Liz Kelly

What's in a name? Defining child sexual abuse

Authors: Liz Kelly

Talking about a revolution: reflections on Cleveland

Authors: Liz Kelly

Surviving Sexual Violence

This study, based on in-depth interviews with sixty women, is the first book to cover women's experience of a whole range of forms of sexual violence over their lifetimes. Drawing on feminist theory, Liz Kelly uses what women say in their interviews to develop it further: conceptualizing the different forms of sexual violence as a continuum; focusing on how women define their experiences and how they develop strategies to resist; cope with, and survive sexual violence.

Available from; the Child and Women Abuse Studies Unit, £11.50 plus £1.00 p&p

 

Extracts from Surviving Sexual Violence are also available as follows:

'The continuum of sexual violence'. In Sexualities: Critical Assessments - Volume One, (forthcoming), Ken Plummer, (ed.), Routledge.

Spolno Nasilje: Feministiche Raziskave Za Socialno Delo, (1996) Darja Zavirsek (ed.), Zbornik (publisher), Ljubljana, Croatia.

'A central issue: sexual violence and feminist theory'. In Feminism: An Oxford Reader, (1995), Judith Squires and Sandra Kemp (eds.), Oxford University Press.

 

Authors: Liz Kelly

Women, Violence and Social Control

Jalna Hanmer and Mary Maynard (eds.), Macmillan

Authors: Liz Kelly

Law, Order and the Authoritarian State

Phil Scraton (ed.), OUP

Authors: Liz Kelly, Jill Radford

The new defeatism: a review of "Is the future female?"

Authors: Liz Kelly

Women Against Violence Against Women

Dusty Rhodes and Sandra McNeill (eds.), Onlywomen Press

Authors: Liz Kelly

Feminist v feminist: legislating against pornography in the USA

Authors: Liz Kelly

Some thoughts on feminist experience in research on male sexual violence

Available from: Manchester University

Authors: Liz Kelly

Women's studies or women studying?

Authors: Liz Kelly, Ruth Pearson

"Sharing a particular pain": researching male violence

Authors: Liz Kelly

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